​MLSNEWS

——————◆ 20190515 ◆——————

• 隧道尽头的闪电：克服比特币的用户体验挑战（Lightning at the End of the Tunnel: Overcoming Bitcoin’s UX Challenges）

  闪电网正在为比特币奠定基础，以便在其发展过程中实现下一次巨大的飞跃。比特币不仅仅是HODLers的资产，而是现在拥有成为通用货币的速度和经济性。我们站在大规模采用的门槛之前。

  在这里，我们将了解作为比特币的全球支付解决方案实施Lightning Network所面临的各种挑战，以及现有技术和即将到来的技术可以克服这些挑战的不同方式。

  The Lightning Network is laying the ground for bitcoin to take the next giant leap in its evolution. Instead of just being an asset for HODLers’, bitcoin now has the speed and economy to become a universal currency. We stand before the threshold of mass adoption.

  Here we take a look at the various challenges that remain in implementing the Lightning Network as a global payment solution for bitcoin and the different ways existing and impending technologies can overcome them.

• 以太坊Gas机制的实证分析（Empirically Analyzing Ethereum’s Gas Mechanism）

  以太坊的GAS机制试图根据交易执行的计算成本设置交易费用：网络上每个节点默认承担的成本，以确保正确的智能合约执行。GAS鼓励用户编写高效执行的事务，这样做鼓励节点多样性，允许适度资源的节点加入并有助于网络的安全。

  然而，该方案的有效性依赖于GAS成本与实际观测的计算成本之间的正确匹配。在这项工作中，我们通过收集和分析万亿字节的纳秒级精确事务执行跟踪，进行了第一次大规模的实证研究，以了解这种对齐在实践中的存在程度。除了确定潜在的拒绝服务向量外，我们的结果还揭示了I/O在交易成本中的作用，而目前的GAS成本模型仍然很难捕捉到这一点。最后，我们的结果表明，在当前的GAS成本模型下，与资源更好的节点相比，具有适度计算资源的节点处于劣势，我们认为这是对节点多样性和网络分散的持续威胁。

  Ethereum’s Gas mechanism attempts to set transaction fees in accordance with the computational cost of transaction execution: a cost borne by default by every node on the network to ensure correct smart contract execution. Gas encourages users to author transactions that are efficient to execute and in so doing encourages node diversity, allowing modestly resourced nodes to join and contribute to the security of the network.

  However, the effectiveness of this scheme relies on Gas costs being correctly aligned with observed computational costs in reality. In this work, we performed the first large scale empirical study to understand to what degree this alignment exists in practice, by collecting and analyzing Tera-bytes worth of nanosecond-precision transaction execution traces. Besides confirming potential denial-of-service vectors, our results also shed light on the role of I/O in transaction costs which remains poorly captured by the current Gas cost model. Finally, our results suggest that under the current Gas cost model, nodes with modest computational resources are disadvantaged compared to their better resourced peers, which we identify as an ongoing threat to node diversity and network decentralization.

• MakerDAO代币解释：DAI，WETH，PETH，SIN，MKR（MakerDAO Tokens Explained: DAI, WETH, PETH, SIN, MKR）

  Maker DAO使用多个ERC-20令牌用于特定目的，以确保DAI稳定币的稳定性。在这里描述了基于Bloxy.info令牌流通方法的角色和使用模式。

  Maker DAO uses multiple ERC-20 tokens for specific purposes to ensure DAI stable coin stability. This article describe their roles and usage patterns based on Bloxy.info token flow tool.

• 安全令牌中的区块链、网络、协议或构想（Blockchains, Networks, Protocols or Fantasies in Security Tokens）

  昨天，在纽约达成共识的第一天，Polymath宣布他们打算在数字证券的第一层区块链上工作。有争议的是，这一声明代表了从一开始就为数字证券构建一个优化基础设施的最雄心勃勃的步骤之一。我从一开始就意识到这个项目，在最近的一次会议上，我提到我希望看到更多的努力在安全令牌空间，但我担心时机。乍一看，专门研究安全令牌的区块链的价值主张似乎是有道理的，但当深入挖掘技术和业务层时，这张图很快开始变得模糊。今天，我想深入探讨支持和反对安全令牌的第一层区块链的论点，并将其与空间潜在演变背景下的替代方法相关联。

  Yesterday, during the first day of Consensus NYC, Polymath announced their intentions to work on a tier1 blockchain for digital securities. The announcement, arguably, represents one of the most ambitious steps towards building an infrastructure optimized for digital securities from the ground up. I’ve been aware of this project almost since its inception and, at a recent conference, I mentioned that I would like to see more efforts like this in the security token space but I worried about the timing. While, at first glance, the value proposition of a blockchain specialized in security tokens seems to make sense, that picture quickly starts becoming fuzzy when digging through the technological and business layers. Today, I would like to deep dive in the arguments in favor and against a tier1 blockchain for security tokens and correlate it with alternative approaches in the context of the potential evolution of the space.

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